Bridge and process of making the same.



J, .B4u'sTRAUsS- BRIDGE AND PROCESS 0F MAKING THB. SAME.

ARPLIOATION FILED 11110.10-(1904.

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APYLIOTION FILED DBO. 10. 1904.

v .0 f l l 1 l l l l f l l n l UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEIoE.

JOSEPH B. STRAUSS, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

BRIDGE AND PROCESS OF MAKING THE SAME..

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 30,1906.

Application led December 10,1904. Serial No. 236,406-

Be it known that I, JOSEPH B. STRAUss, a

` citizen ofthe United States, residing at Chij process of making the same, an

cago,`inthe county of Cook and State`4 of Illinoxs, have invented a certain new and useful Impvement in Brid es and Processes of Ma g the Same, of w 'ch the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in concrete or concrete-steel bridges and the has for its object to provide a new and improved construction and processof this descri tion.

My invention is illustrated` in t e accompanying drawin s, wherein- Figure 1- is a p an view of a bridge. embodying my invention with the floor removed and before completion. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a brid e embodying my invention when complete and "with the floor in` position. Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on line 3 3 of Fig. 1 before the hollow sections are filled in. Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken on line 4 4 of Fig. 1 after the hollow sections are filled in.` Fig. 5 is a side elevation of two of the hollow sections with parts broken away, showingvv the method of' construction and connection.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged plan viewshowing the f method of connecting the ribs of the bridge with the cross-pieces ordiaphra ms. Y Fig. 7 is a lan view of a part of the bri ge, showin one orm of door before the floor is complete Fig; 8 is an enlarged sectional view on line 8 8 of Fig. 7 after the floor is completed.

Like letters refer to like parts throughout the several figures.

One of the objects of my present invention is to provide a concrete or concrete-steel Ibridge which can' be made in sections in the sho and then transferred to. the placetwhere the ridge is to be assembled and there placed lin position. As shown in Fig; 1, which illustrates the bridge before completion, such bridge consists ofa series of ribs A A', preferably extending the length of thebridge and connected by cross-pieces or diaphragms C. Each of the ribs is made up of sections A2 Aa A, `dto., ada ted to be-made up separately -and assem led. The strengthening cross-pieces ordiaphragms C are also made separately and placed in position. The sections of the ribs and thediaphragms C are preferably made up in hollow shell-like lplileces and are then assembled to form the out e of the bridge and are then filled in to form the y complete structure. 'These sections vmay be A erly rspaced whi Y the ends thereo as shown at 'single supporting-piece formed in any desired manner. As illus-` trated in Figs. 3, 5, and 6, eachsection is provided Vat the top with the reinforcing or supporting bars or pieces D, which are separated the pro er distance to securejthe roper width o the rib. Aseries of wires or ooped connecting-pieces D are attached to the supporting-pieces D andare formed into loops of such length, as shownin Figs. 3, 4, and5, as to secure the desired height of rib. These connectingpieces may be attached to the supporting-pieces in any desired manner, and, as` shown in Fig. 4, they are sim ly hooked over such supporting-pieces. he loops are preferably connected together at thebottom in some desired manner, as by means of the `pieces D2, which may be attached theretoby wires erin any other manner, so as to kee the connecting-pieces prope the concrete is being aplied thereto. The `parts thus connected orm a frame, and then concrete or cement or the like is applied to this-frame, so as to form comparative y thin walls and rovide a hollow shell or section. The outsi e of these sections is preferably made smooth and the inside rough--as shown, for example, in Fig. 3.

The diaphragms or cross-pieces C are made in substantially the same manner.

I prefer, however, to connect the supporting-pieces D of these crossieces or dia hragms across g5, so as to form means for connecting the dia hragms to the ribs. In these diaphrams t ere may be a entirely around the diaphragm, so as to form a parallelogram. The sections of the ribs and the diaphragms are made up in the shops and the ends of the sup orting-pieces D are left exposed. I prefer a so to provide these sections at intervals with rods or bolts F, which pass through engaging ieces F', such rods or bolts being surrounds by separators F, thus holding the sections in pro er shape. When the sections are to be assemliled, they are placed in proper relationto each other and are connected in position. A convenient means for doing this is to permit the ends of the supporting-pieces D to overla as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, and to then provi e bolts G, which pass throughgthese supporting-'pieces and through the end pieces E of the cross-pieces or diaphragme C, such bolts extending through both ribs and entirely across the bridge, asshown in Figs. 1 and 6. These bolts are also preferably provided with and it may extend ICO sleeves G which act as separators. The sections are preferably provided at the bottom with fastening-pieces D4, which are embedded in the cement Walls and which roject therefrom, as shown in Fig. 5, an overlap. A bolt G2 passes through these ends and through the diaphragm C. This bolt is similar to the bolt G and has the spacing or separating sleeves upon it. v The iasteningrpieces D4 are preferably connected at their ends to the connecting-pieces D2. The fasteningpieces D4 are left at Vtheir ends free from cement in a manner similar to that described in relation to the supporting-pieces D.

The diaphragms C are. provided at the bottom With holding-pieces D5, (see Fig. 3,) which extend entirely across the end of the dia hragm andare bent around on the sides and) embedded in the Walls, the ends being connected With connecting-pieces D2, similar to those used in the sections of the ribs. The end pieces E are preferably bent at the point of connection, so as to be brought into proximity to the supporting-pieces D to act as separators and to hold the parts in their proper relation. I also prefer to provide a series of anchor-bolts H, which pass through the Walls of the ribs and project into the interior thereof and into the interior of the cross-pieces of the diaphragm C, as shown in Figs. 3 and 6.

The diaphragme-or cross-pieces are preferably connected with the ribs opposite the point 'Where two sections of' the ribs are united. After the diaphragms and hollow sections are in position they are properly alined and the jointsI filled with cement or thel like, the exposed ends of the supportingpieces being also covered, so as to make a smooth exterior surface. The sections are themlled in with concrete and iron or the like and the material left to dry. In filling in these sections steel Tsf I (see Fig. 4) or other iron may be used in any desired quantities and of any desired size or shape.

1 It' Will be seen that when the material dries and hardens there Will be formed a 4solid concrete or concrete-steel construction. The floor-J may then be placed in position and may itself be of concrete or concrete-steel or ofiny other material.

- j It will be seen that by means of this construction I am enabled to form a concrete bridge which may be made up in light sections, so that the bridge may be erected, 'as it Were, in outline and subsequently iilled in With steel and bulk concrete, permitting the sections to be erected singly and permitting the Work to progress ircrn one or both supports.

It will further be seen that this arrangement greatly chespens the construction and does away with the expensive forms and false Work now required in making concrete bridges. Whatever facing is to be done can lbe done in the shop. by properly facing the outer surface of the sections, and hence no facing is required in constructing the bridge. The shells may be made in an Y suitable shop and shipped to the locality W ere the bridge isto be erected.

It will be seen that instead of havingthe expensive false work the parts which hold the concrete in shape while drying become a permanent pgrt of the bridge.

`Any cac which may develop in the concrete will not appear on the surface under these conditions.

' It will be seen that the sections have communication with each othenat their ends, so that the concrete when filled in forms, as it were, a continuous core which passes from one section to the other, so as to unite them in solid structure. Each of the ribs oi' this device, therefore, forms a horizontal girder supported at the end and free between the ends, the solid core uniting with the cement shell-like sections so as to constitute a solid structure.

It is also evident that this construction may be applied to piers 'and allother forms of formed; but it is of course evident that this construction may be varied in many particulars, and I therefore'do not limit myself to the particular construction, form, and arrangement shown.

In 7 and 8 I have shown one manner of forming the door, although, as before stated, any form of floor may be used. In these fi es I provide a'seriesof floor-pieces K, pre erably made of concrete or the like. As shown in these figures, such floor-pieces are provided with rigid pieces of steel or the like, K', embedded in the concrete. The ends of the Hoor-pieces are bent, as shown in Fig. 8, so las to hook over the sides of the hollow sections of the ribs. In forming the floor the Hoor-pieces are placed inposition and slightly separated, the space above the diaphragme or crossieces'rC being left o en, as shown in Fig.' 7. he concrete or the ike is then filled in, so as to cover the Hoor-pieces, thus making the floor integral with the filling in the ribs and cross-pieces.

If desired, pleces of steel-or the like K2 may' this form of ooris iised,the outer edges of IOC einer? the hollow sections of the ribs are made' longer than the inner edges, as shown in Fig.- 8, so as to hold the 'licor material .in position `while drying and form a proper facing there for. In these iilures l have shown two ribs for purposes o illustration; but it is of course evident that the number of ribs maybe multiplied to meet the conditions presented.

l claim* 1. A concrete horizontal girder comprising a series of shelldike sections placed end to end and communicating with eachv other, said sections having concrete walls and a solid concrete core extending from one section to the other and binding them together into a rigid sel-supporting structure.

2. A concrete bridge comprising a series oi separated concrete ribs formed in sections and connected together, and a series of concrete lateral diaphragms separately made and fastened in position 'between said ribs.

3. A concrete structure comprising a se ries of separated concrete ribs formed lin sections and connected together` and a series of concrete lateral diaphragme separately made and fastened in position between said ribs, said concrete lateral diaphragme fastened to the ribs atv the points where the sections of the ribs are united.

4. Abuilding-section comprising separated supporting-pieces, a series or' looped connecting-pieces attached thereto at intervals, a concrete facing supported upon said supporting and connecting pieces so as to form a hollow shell-like section, theends of the sup porting-pieceb left free from cement.

5. "he combination in a bridge of a series of sections made up of separatedsupportingpieces and looped connections embedded in. concrete so as to form shell-like sections and connected together in proper relation so as to form the outline of the structure, adapted when iilled in to form a solid unitary conu struction. 1

6. The combination in a bridge of a series of ribs made up of sections each consisting of separatedsupporting-pieces and looped connections embedded in concrete so `as to forni shelldilre sections and connected together in proper relation so as to form continuous ribs, and a series ci cross-pieces or diaphragme connected to said ribs at intervals.

7. The combination in a bridge oi. a series of ribs made up of sections each consisting ci separated supporting-pieces and looped con nections embedded in concrete so as to 'lvorin shell-like sections and connected together in proper relation so as to form continuous ribs, and a series of cross-pieces or diaphragme connected to said ribs at the points where the sections of the ribs are united.

8. The combination in a bridge of a series of ribs made up oi' sections each consisting oi separated supporting-pieces and `looped conn actions embedded in concrete so as to form shell-like sections and connected together in proper relation so as to iorin continuous ribs, a series ol' crosspieees or diaphrao'ins connected to said ribs at the points wohere the sections oi the ribs are united, and a connecte ing-piece extending through the ribs and the intermediate connectingpiece or diaphragm.

9. A building-section comprising a frame,`

a concrete facing supported upon said frame so as to forni a hollow shell-like section, and

overlapping connecting devices at the ends thereof for connecting said section in position in the structure and a uniting-piece passing through said overlapping devices so as to unite them. p

10. A bridge comprising a series of shelllike concrete sections fastened together so as to form separated ribs and lateral braces, and a solid uniting-core in the sections 'forining the ribs and running from one to the other so as to forni solid ribs.

ll.. A bridge comprising a series of separated longitudinal ribs, a series ol' transverse ribs to act as cross-bracing, the two sets oi. ribs formed oi a series oi" shell-like sections having concrete i ralle `and fastened together, the sections oi the longitudinal and transverse ribs provided with concrete filling which forms an integral construction eXtending longitudinally and transversely so as to unite the sections `and 'iorina solid rib construction.

12. A building-section comprising a rigid frame consisting oi' longitudinal and transverse pieces embedded in concrete and orm. ing a hollow shell-like section, and intermedi* ate connecting-pieces extending through the hollow of the section and fastened to the transverse pieces in the opposed walls thereoi", said section adapted to be filled in after being placed in position so as to form a solid structure.

13. A concrete bridge comprising a series of shell-like ribs, a series of floor-pieces Sp annin the space between the adjacent edges of sait ribs, said ribs filled with concrete which extends over the lfloor-pieces so as to form a floor integral with the filling in the ribs.

14. A concrete bridge comprising a series of shelllilre ribs and cross-pieces, a series of iloor-pieces spanning the space between the adjacent edges oi said ribs, said ribs and cross-pieces 'lilled with concrete which extends over the :tloonpieces so as to form# a floor integral with the filling in the ribs and crosspieces.

15. The process of' forming structures which consists in forming a series of hollow sections having a rigid 4heine embedded in concrete walls, then assembling said sections to form a series ol sliell-lile ribs and cross-pieces, then supporting a series of Hoor-pieces on the inner edges of said ribs, and then lilling in the IOO ribs and covering the oor-pieces with conand means for holding said floor-pieces in p0- crete so as to form a,v floor integral with the sition.

filling in the ribs.

16. A concrete bridge comprising a series JOSEPH B' STRAUSS' 5 ','of concrete ribs and cross-pieces, and a se- Witnesses:

ries of concrete oor-piecesseparate from the HOMER L. KRAFT,

ribs and spanning the space between the ribs, i EDNA K. REYNOLDS. 

